Somali TB Cultural Profile
An updated resource explaining the Somali community's understanding of TB and LTBI based on transcripts from interviews with several Somali speaking community members and literature review.
April 1, 2026
1775001600
Ethiopian TB Cultural Profile
A resource explaining the Ethiopian community's understanding of TB and LTBI based on transcripts from interviews with several Amharic speaking Ethiopian community members and literature review.
March 25, 2026 · Article
1774396800
Vietnamese TB Cultural Profile
A resource explaining the Vietnamese community's understanding of TB and LTBI based on transcripts from interviews with several Vietnamese community members and literature review.
March 24, 2026 · Article
1774310400
BCG Vaccine Information and Videos
To ensure that non-English-speaking community members receive accurate information about TB, we have created multilingual public service announcements (PSAs). These short videos provide essential details about the BCG vaccine in multiple languages.
September 5, 2025 · Article, Video
1757030400
Kenyan TB Cultural Profile
A resource explaining the Kenyan community's understanding of TB and LTBI based on transcripts from interviews with several Kenyan community members and literature review.
June 13, 2025 · Article
1749772800
Measles Vaccine PSA Videos – Multilingual Tools for Patient Education
Eight multilingual video Measles Vaccine PSAs. These videos are designed to be shared with patients and families to increase awareness about measles and the importance of MMR vaccination
May 2, 2025 · Article, Video
1746144000
Q&A RSV, flu and COVID in King County: What should I know?
A Q&A resource from Public Health- Seattle and King County in 18 languages
November 18, 2022 · PDF
1668729600
COVID-19 Vaccine Videos
A collection of local and national videos providing information about COVID-19 vaccines in multiple languages.
March 31, 2022 · Article, Video
1648684800
Challenges Somali Families Face with Social Distancing
A blog post about unique challenges Somali families face with social distancing and tips to help families stay safe.
May 26, 2020 · Article
1590451200
COVID-19 Information
A collection of local and national online information resources regarding COVID-19, including links to translated materials.
March 16, 2020 · Article
1584316800
Tuberculosis Series: Intro
Intro article to EthnoMed's series about tuberculosis. While Tb was the leading cause of death in the US in the early 1900s, it is now primarily found in immigrant populations.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Tuberculosis Series: Epidemiology and Prevention
This article provides information about Tuberculosis epidemiology and prevention. It is part of a larger EthnoMed series on Tuberculosis.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Tuberculosis Series: Screening and Diagnosis
This article provides information about Tuberculosis screening and diagnosis. It is part of a larger EthnoMed series on Tuberculosis.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Tuberculosis Series: Treatment
This article provides information about Tuberculosis treatment, including medication regimens. It is part of a larger EthnoMed series on Tuberculosis.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Tuberculosis Series: Approach to Patients
It is important for US healthcare providers to know the historical underlying social stigma of tuberculosis in many immigrant and refugee communities. This article is part of a series on Tuberculosis and discusses how best to approach patients.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Tuberculosis Series: Physical Manifestations of TB Infection
This article provides examples of primary Tuberculosis infection through radiograph images and photos. Part of a larger series on Tuberculosis.
March 7, 2020 · Article
1583539200
Overcoming Barriers to Care for Hepatitis B Virus Among SE Asians in King County: Literature Review
This literature review explores the burden of Hepatitis B Virus in Southeast Asian countries and immigrants in the United States, and explores the existing barriers to testing and treatment, as well as intervention and testing recommendations for providers.
February 7, 2019 · Article
1549497600
Discussing Measles and MMR Vaccine with Your Somali Patients
Brief article with background information and recommendations relevant to facilitating conversation with Somali patients about measles and MMR vaccine, including addressing concerns related to misinformation about link between MMR and autism.
April 26, 2018 · Article
1524700800
Measles Outbreak: A Somali Health Board presentation
video of a presentation about measles and the outbreak in the SeSomali community in Minnesota, with discussion and education about concern in Somali communities of perceived link between MMR vaccine and autism.
April 5, 2017 · Video
1491350400
Somali Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices Regarding Vaccination
In 2011 Public Health Seattle King County held focus groups with local Somali community leaders to learn about their attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding vaccination.
July 14, 2016 · Article
1468454400
Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Chest Radiography and Interpretation
These Pulmonary TB Chest Radiography and Interpretation slides are a product of the Curry International Tuberculosis Center.
September 21, 2011 · PDF
1316563200
Clinical Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Slides
Clinical extrapulmonary tuberculosis slides, used with permission from the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
January 19, 2010 · PDF
1263859200
Assessment of King County Residents at Risk of Exposure to Avian Influenza
Concerns related to Avian flu transmission and risk in King County communities. Links to additional resources of information in several languages.
March 1, 2009 · Article
1235865600
HIV/STD Infections in Vietnamese and Vietnamese Americans
The following section describes the epidemiology, beliefs, and high risk sexual practices regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) infection among Vietnamese residing in Vietnam and in the United States.
August 21, 2000 · Article
966816000
Tigrinya Hepatitis Cultural Profile
A brief overview of Tigrinya understanding on hepatitis.
March 1, 1998 · Article
888710400
Somali Hepatitis Cultural Profile
A brief overview of Somali cultural understandings of hepatitis.
March 1, 1998 · Article
888710400
Hepatitis Cultural Profile for Amharic Speakers
A brief overview of some cultural understandings of hepatitis.
March 1, 1998 · Article
888710400
External Resources
Please also see our Related Websites page for a selected list of websites related to the populations or topics covered on EthnoMed.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a global TB report every year since 1997. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in the respons to the epidemic at global, regional and country levels, in the context of global commitments and strategies. In 2019, data were reported by 202 countries and territories that account for more than 99% of the world’s population and estimated number of TB cases.
The AIDS Clinical Conference series is typically held on the 3rd Tuesday of every month from 8am–9am Pacific Time at University of Washington’s Harborview Medical Center.
Guidelines for Screening for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease during the Domestic Medical Examination for Newly Arrived Refugees.
CareRef is a tool that guides clinicians through conducting a routine post-arrival medical screening of a newly arrived refugee to the U.S. The output of this tool is based on the current CDC Domestic Refugee Screening Guidelines. CareRef recommends screening tests and other preventive care based on the demographic and geographic factors that contribute to risk. The data used to create this tool are specific to refugee populations coming to the U.S.
This CDC curriculum provides clinicians and other public health professionals with information on diagnosing and treating latent TB infection and TB disease. The target audience of the course is clinicians caring for people with or at high risk for TB disease.
The Curry International Tuberculosis Center (CITC) creates, enhances and disseminates state-of-the-art resources and models of excellence and performs research to control and eliminate tuberculosis in the United States and internationally.
The Division of Viral Hepatitis is the Public Health Service component that provides the scientific and programmatic foundation for the prevention, control, and elimination of hepatitis virus infections in the United States, and assists the international public health community in these activities.
Compilation of CDC links related to Emerging Infectious Disease both past and present.
This 2000 consensus study report from the Institute of Medicine provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. Download PDF for free.
This article reports the results of a baseline telephone survey about HBV in population-based samples of Vietnamese Americans living in the San Francisco/San Jose metropolitan areas of Northern California and the Greater Washington, DC/Maryland/Virginia metropolitan area in 2007-2008.
CDC's "Find TB Resources" connects you to a worldwide library of online resources, training, and educational materials. The website is a service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE).
These guidelines (2016) provide recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis (TB) in children and adults in well-resourced settings. These guidelines developed by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the U.S. National Tuberculosis Controllers Association.
A conversation with Mr. Solomon Berhe, HIV positive activist was made due to the increase number of HIV AIDS among Ethiopians in Seattle and to raise awareness and prevent HIV AIDS from spreading. The current data from King County Public health shows among the African communities the number of Ethiopian who are HIV AIDS are the highest in Seattle and in King County.
A 2010 Seattle Times article about efforts in the Seattle area to help African immigrants learn to talk openly about HIV/AIDS. The article includes information about a trend toward higher rates of disease in African immigrant women compared to African immigrant males.
HBCW has worked to bring hepatitis B awareness and education to the API community since 1997, and has since expanded work to other populations from high risk regions. Work includes exploration into culturally appropriate and effective strategies for reaching families and household members of positive individuals, and promoting understanding of the liver disease, including testing, immunizations and treatment for hepatitis B. HBCW is a network of health care professionals and community volunteers, health departments, community clinics, and nonprofit organizations.
Developed by the Migration Health Initiative, this guide supports counseling on Hep B screening and vaccination for adult refugee, immigrant and migrant community members
The Hepatitis B Research Network brings together clinical centers with expertise in caring for patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
The Union is a global scientific organization working to improve health for people in low- and middle-income countries. by conducting scientific research, working with governments and other agencies to translate research into better health for people around the world, and delivering projects directly in the field, driving change to ensure the best quality care.
This guide is intended for primary care providers who care for individuals and populations who may be at risk for infection with M. tuberculosis. The guide includes latent TB infection diagnosis and treatment information, sample documentation forms, and additional resources. This document is not meant to be used as a substitute for CDC guidelines, but rather as a ready and useful reference.
Persons with any of the following risk factors should be tested for TB infection unless there is written documentation of a previous positive TST or IGRA result.
This 2005 article reports a study that examined the long-term risk of TB among immigrants in Norway.
This University of Minnesota project was funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Autism Speaks, to answer questions about the number of Somali and non-Somali children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Minneapolis. Resources available include a Community Report, Somali Translated Milestone Brochure/Booklet and Videos/Podcasts About ASD in the Somali Community.
Section on TB epidemiology in the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Provided by AIDS Info, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Public health and communications experts who are well versed in the most pressing, evolving public health issues of our time, hosting a library of free, on-demand webinars.
The first edition of the annual surveillance report published exclusively online, this 2018 report includes information on TB disease reported from the 50 United States, the District of Columbia (DC), five U.S. territories (American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands), and three independent countries that are in compacts of free association with the United States (Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau).
The Minnesota Department of Health has TB training resources for providers.
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. This vaccine is not widely used in the United States, but it is often given to infants and small children in other countries where TB is common. BCG does not always protect people from getting TB.
The Hepatitis B Foundation is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure and improving the quality of life for those affected by hepatitis B worldwide. Our commitment includes funding focused research, promoting disease awareness, supporting immunization and treatment initiatives, and serving as the primary source of information for patients and their families, the medical and scientific community, and the general public.
A community guide to advance health equity- community-created strategies, practices, and resources to support healthier living for everyone.
Highlights from the 2016 Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Guidelines, from the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)'s Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
People with HIV who also have either latent TB infection or TB disease can be treated effectively. The first step is to ensure that people with HIV are tested for TB infection. If found to have TB infection, further tests are needed to rule out TB disease. The next step is to start treatment for latent TB infection or TB disease based on test results.
The mission of Public Health Seattle & King County’s Tuberculosis (TB) Control Program is to interrupt the transmission of TB in Seattle & King County. This page provides information about where to get a TB test, disease reporting requirements and more.
Understand and Fight - Tuberculosis Information for health care professionals. Includes narrated slideshow teaching modules on topics such as Bacteriology, Clinical presentation, Epidemiology, and Interventions. Last updated 2015.
The purpose of the Tuberculosis (TB) Elimination Program is to reduce and, ultimately, eliminate TB in Nashville. Includes some patient education resources in Burmese and Nepali.
National Tuberculosis Surveillance System Highlights from 2016. This slide series created by the CDC was developed as an accompaniment to the document Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2016. The slides may be used without permission and adapted or revised by removing CDC name and logo if changes are made.
Information about Zika from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.