wrapping net gauze around a finger that has 'greasy gauze' for burn wounds

Wound Care for Burns – Multi-Lingual Video Series

This instructional video provides step-by-step guidance for burn wound care using greasy gauze (Vaseline gauze) and standard gauze dressings. Designed for patients and caregivers, the video reinforces clinical instructions to be able to treat small burns at home, or to continue treatment for larger burns after seeing a healthcare provider.

In this video, you will learn: 

  • Greasy gauze is a common type of bandage used to help protect and heal burns
  • How to safely remove an old burn bandage
  • How to clean burns and apply new bandages
  • Signs and symptoms of infection to watch for
  • How to reduce the risk of infection in burns 
  • How to apply and wrap bandages for burns on the arm, hand, torso, and leg
  • When to seek additional help in caring for burns

This educational resource is intended to supplement the instructions provided by your medical care team. Always follow the guidance of your burn care provider.  Printable PDF with QR Code with links to each video.

Scroll down to view: English, Amharic, Arabic, French, Lingala , Spanish, Russian, and Vietnamese

English language: ‘A Step by Step Guide to Burn Care Using Greasy Gauze – supplies list and how to wrap burns’

Amharic Language: በቅባት የራሰ ፋሻን በመጠቀም የቃጠሎ እንክብካቤ የደረጃ በደረጃ መመሪያ – የአቅርቦቶች ዝርዝር እና የቃጠሎ ቁስሎችን እንዴት መጠቅለል እንደሚቻል

Arabic Language: دليل العناية بالحروق خطوة بخطوة باستخدام الشاش الدهني – قائمة اللوازم وكيفية لف الحروق

French Language: ‘Guide pratique : soins des brûlures avec ccompresse de gaze grasse et vaseline

Lingala Language: Lisungi : Kosalisa mpota ya kozika na moto na ba pansement ya compresse mpe na mafuta ya vaseline

Spanish Language: ‘Guía paso a paso para el cuidado de quemaduras con “Greasy Gauze”: materiales y cómo vendarlas

Russian Language: Уход за ожогом: повязка с мазью, материалы и как наложить повязку

Vietnamese Language: Hướng dẫn từng bước cách chăm sóc vết bỏng bằng gạc tẩm mỡ – vật dụng và cách băng

To improve accessibility and health equity, these burn care videos are being translated into multiple languages. Additional language versions will be added as they become available. 

We encourage you to share these resources with your communities to support safe, informed burn recovery at home.

Suggested use for providers: 

  • Share videos during patient appointments and community health events 
  • Include video links in discharge paperwork 
  • Promote at global outreach efforts

Burn care can be complex, involving multiple steps that may feel overwhelming for patients and caregivers. This challenge is even greater for individuals with Limited English Proficiency (LEP), who may face additional barriers in understanding and following detailed wound care protocols. As patients transition from hospital care to at-home recovery, it is essential that they clearly understand and follow proper burn wound care instructions to achieve the best possible outcomes. To address this need, EthnoMed partnered with Harborview’s Burns, Plastics, and Pediatric Acute Care Unit to develop accessible, visual education tools to support safe and effective burn care at home. 

A burn is an injury to the skin caused by something hot, like fire, hot water, steam, or even touching something like a hot pan. Burns can also be caused by cold, electricity, chemicals, or the sun. No matter what causes the burn, the skin needs the right care to heal well and stay healthy.

A burn is an injury to the skin caused by something hot, like fire, hot water, steam, or even touching something like a hot pan. Burns can also be caused by cold, electricity, chemicals, or the sun. No matter what causes the burn, the skin needs the right care to heal well and stay healthy. 

A collage of six health providers, for informational videos

Measles Vaccine PSA Videos – Multilingual Tools for Patient Education

To support providers in addressing rising measles cases, we’ve created a short video PSA available in seven languages commonly spoken in King County and other diverse communities. These videos are designed to be shared with patients and families to increase awareness about measles and the importance of MMR vaccination. Language access includes: English, Arabic, French, Lingala, Somali, Spanish, Swahili, and Ukrainian.

Each video features culturally and linguistically appropriate messaging that addresses common concerns and emphasizes the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine.

Key message points include:

  • Measles is highly contagious and spreading
  • The MMR vaccine is safe, effective, and long-lasting
  • Vaccination protects individuals and the community
  • Free or low-cost vaccines are available

Suggested use for providers:

  • Video playback in waiting areas or exam rooms
  • Share videos during patient appointments
  • Include video links in clinic newsletters or text outreach
  • Use at community health events or vaccine drives

Please share these videos with your community!

English Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Arabic Language Measles Vaccine PSA
French Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Lingala Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Somali Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Spanish Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Swahili Language Measles Vaccine PSA
Ukrainian Language Measles Vaccine PSA

Tuberculosis (TB) Awareness & Prevention Public Service Announcements (multilingual)

About These PSAs

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can spread to others if left untreated. Many people are unaware that TB exists in two forms: latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease. Early screening and treatment can prevent the spread of TB and protect community health.

To ensure that non-English-speaking community members receive accurate information about TB, we have created multilingual public service announcements (PSAs). These short videos provide essential details about TB screening, treatment, and prevention in multiple languages. Health care providers and community organizations are encouraged to share these PSAs with individuals who may be at risk.

What You’ll Learn in These Videos

Each PSA explains;

  • The difference between latent TB infection and active TB disease
  • The importance of TB screening, especially for people from countries where TB is common
  • Recommended TB blood tests, including interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) like QuantiFERON
  • The connection between HIV and TB and why dual screening is important
  • Treatment options for latent TB infection to prevent active TB disease

Encourage Screening & Testing

If you haven’t been screened for TB yet, talk to your primary care doctor or visit a local clinic. If you don’t have a primary care provider, King County Public Health TB program can help you find a place to get tested (HealthPoint, SeaMar, or Neighborcare). Visit the King County Community Health Access program for more assistance.

Taking care of your health starts with knowing your TB status. Together, we can prevent TB and keep our communities healthy!

Share the PSAs in Your Communities Language

We offer these PSAs in multiple languages to serve diverse communities. Click below to watch and share:

This project has been generously supported by the following funders:

TB Elimination Alliance (2023-2024 Mini-Grant Program)
Firland Foundation (2024-2025 Community Grant)

Congolese TB Cultural Profile

Summary

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) disease, ranking 8th highest in the world. Individuals may be hesitant to undergo screening due to a history of political instability and autocratic rule resulting in widespread distrust, lack of understanding of the U.S. medical system, and the dual stigma of TB and its associations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). There is confusion in the community regarding the diagnosis of latent TB infection (LTBI) and its distinction with TB disease. There is also less awareness of blood testing (e.g. interferon-gamma release assay, Quantiferon) because skin testing has been more prevalent in the DRC, though LTBI screening is not routinely conducted there. Many recent immigrants mentioned TB treatment in the DRC being offered from the same medical clinics where HIV patients are treated, which compounds the stigma of the disease.

Recommendations:

  • TB screening for all individuals from the DRC with blood tests (e.g. interferon gamma release assay, Quantiferon) rather than skin testing (e.g. tuberculin skin testing, Mantoux).
  • Discuss TB screening separately from HIV screening; be aware of the strong association of HIV and TB in the Congolese community.
  • Explain the difference between latent TB infection and TB disease with the knowledge that most Congolese are not aware of latent TB infection.
  • Begin a short course LTBI treatment regimen and explain the differences between LTBI and TB disease treatment regimens with which they might be more familiar.
  • Close follow-up in clinic once treatment has been initiated to ensure continued adherence to the regimen.

Methods

The following sections are based on transcripts of interviews with six Congolese community members who were identified by a Congolese community navigator contracted with Public Health – Seattle & King County and through other community contacts. Interviews were conducted either in English or French with a Congolese community navigator providing interpretation. A supplemental literature review was also performed.

Burden of Disease


2022 WHO statistics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) [1]

Total tuberculosis (TB) incidence (number): 314,000

Total TB incidence (rate per 100,000 per year): 318 

HIV-positive TB incidence (number): 22,000

HIV-positive TB incidence (rate per 100,000 per year): 22

Total Population (2023): 102 million (www.data.worldbank.org) [2]

Languages Spoken

French is the official language of the DRC. However, there are four additional recognized national languages: Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili, and Tshiluba.

Most francophones in the DRC know of tuberculosis by the French term “tuberculose”.  In Lingala, it is sometimes referred to as “Kosu Kosu ya ntolo ” which means chest cough, or “kosu kosu ya pema”, which refers to chronic cough. In Swahili, tuberculosis is “Kifua Kikuu”. 


Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination

Rates and Understanding

The BCG Vaccination was introduced to the DRC in 1984. A single dose is administered at birth. 

There is an estimated BCG coverage of 73% in 2019 [3] (www.bcgatlas.org).

Some respondents noted a common perception of the BCG vaccination being protective against TB disease, even into adulthood.


Diagnosis and clinical features

Recognized by the Community

Most respondents identified symptoms of TB disease as being chronic. Community members stated that their level of suspicion for TB increased with persistent symptoms, particularly symptoms of cough, fatigue, or weight loss. However, only some respondents understood that TB infection can be latent or inactive. Respondents who were familiar with latent TB infection referred to it as “sleeping” TB. Overall, there is a consensus among respondents that there is a general lack of awareness in the Congolese community regarding the distinction between TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI). 

All respondents understood that TB is contagious and transmitted via coughing/breathing. Some noted that individuals with TB disease are usually isolated from the general public and that it is dangerous to be in close contact with someone diagnosed with TB. 

TB is considered to be a serious disease with the potential to be fatal.

TB/HIV Co-Infection

Clinicians should recognize the intertwined nature of the HIV-TB co-epidemic, not only in medical clinical terms but also in its social consequences. 

Most respondents noted that there is a widespread perception that TB disease occurs in those with HIV infection. A perceived similarity in symptoms like weight loss and fatigue perpetuates the stigma against TB disease and creates a double stigma against TB and HIV/AIDS [4] (Daftary 2012). The interlinked nature of these two illnesses can lead to individuals concealing their TB disease status or preventing them from seeking treatment in an attempt to avoid stigma. 

In the DRC, TB and HIV care are funded by Global Fund, and TB disease cases are usually treated in HIV clinics. Directly observed therapy (DOT) is widely practiced for TB disease treatment in the DRC. Patients who are required to go into HIV clinics daily to receive treatment for TB disease often face double stigma. Since most of the general public is aware that HIV requires lifelong treatment, the relatively long treatment period of TB disease (6-9 months) further increases the association between the two diseases. 

The DRC ranks eighth among countries with the highest rate of TB/HIV co-infection [5] (https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2023). 

There is an estimated HIV prevalence of 0.6%, with about 490,000 HIV positive individuals out of a total population of about 95 million. Based on recent WHO data (https://cfs.hivci.org/index.html) globally, both rates of new infections and deaths due to HIV have been decreasing over the past decade [6]. However, about 6.3% of TB cases in 2022 occurred in HIV positive individuals. 

People with untreated HIV infection or AIDS are at increased risk of TB disease because HIV weakens the immune system and impairs the body’s ability to fight off TB infection. HIV is the strongest risk factor for progression from TB infection to TB disease. Extrapulmonary and disseminated TB are also more common in HIV infected individuals [7] (Schutz 2010). 

Among high drug-resistant countries, DRC is ranked 12th. According to the WHO, the estimate of MDR-TB/XDR-TB at the national level was 2.4% in new patients. One meta-analysis found that HIV infection raises the risk of MDR-TB, with an upward risk trend [8] (Sultana 2021).


Testing of TB disease and latent TB infection

Practices in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Testing and latent infection
In 2021, the DRC National Tuberculosis Control Program (Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, PNLT) implemented a new national strategy for diagnosing and treating LTBI across the country. Health authorities increased free active screening of TB by organizing campaigns and sending out mobile units with rapid diagnostic testing [9] (WHO 2022). However, most respondents stated that they are not aware of routine testing for TB. 


TB Treatment in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Traditional medicine is still of importance for people in the DRC, with a recent study showing that 79.4% of the studied population have utilized this care system [10] (Mutombo 2022). Some respondents noted that traditional first-line treatment for cough is an herb or leaf that is boiled and then consumed as a drink. If cough and other symptoms persist, individuals will often then seek Western medical treatment. 

There is a general consensus that most people trust the treatments recommended by the medical system in the DRC. However, respondents noted that general awareness of information regarding TB screening, diagnosis, and treatment as well as the level of trust in Western medicine depends on place of residence (rural versus urban) and level of education. 

TB treatment is free in the DRC with approximately 2,000 centers delivering TB care for 180,000 patients in 2019 [11] (Kaswa 2021). However, out-of-pocket spending is significant even for TB patients, with over half of patients experiencing catastrophic healthcare costs [11] (Kaswa 2021). 

There is a recognition that treatment for TB spans over several months, and that it is a treatable disease. Respondents also note that there is a general fear of death or serious illness from TB if untreated.


Social factors and care delivery in the Democratic Republic of Congo

There are about 18,493 physicians in the DRC, about 1.9 doctors per 10,000 inhabitants. As a comparison, the worldwide density has been 17 physicians per 10,000 inhabitants [12] (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/health-workforce). However, despite the low rate of human resources, this may not be the primary barrier to care in the DRC. Clinic visitation rates are low, suggesting that other primary barriers to care, including cost, impact care-seeking behavior [13] (Nyakasane 2022).  

There are several significant challenges to implementing effective TB screening in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). One major issue is the reliance on traditional medicine, especially in rural and underserved areas. Many people in the DRC consult traditional healers for chronic illnesses while simultaneously using modern medical treatments. This dual approach can lead to complications, including adverse drug interactions, which can undermine the effectiveness of TB treatments. With limited access to health services in certain regions, traditional medicine fills a gap but can delay early TB detection and treatment, exacerbating the spread of the disease. 

Additionally, there is a general understanding that TB is an infectious disease requiring isolation from the community and the general public. One respondent noted that in the DRC, those infected with TB were historically placed in isolation facilities which also held individuals with psychiatric disorders and other diseases. While this practice is no longer in use in the current healthcare system in the DRC, many individuals still associate TB diagnosis with forced isolation. Respondents stated that community members would generally keep their distance and avoid those who have been diagnosed with TB. Because of this, many tend to keep their diagnosis concealed from the general community and instead seek support from community leaders. Since Congolese communities are more widely dispersed in the US, it is easier to conceal TB status from the community.  

Additionally, the rise of evangelical churches in the country has altered health-seeking behaviors. Christianity is the predominant religion in the DRC, with approximately 95.4% of the general population affiliated with Christian denominations [14] (USCIRF 2020). Respondents note that Congolese Christians rely heavily on prayer when dealing with sickness, and that many turn to pastors for prayer before seeking out treatment from doctors. Pastors are key figures in the community who inspire and command trust. Some individuals now seek religious validation for medical diagnoses, which can delay care for TB and other communicable diseases. Pastors may either affirm or dismiss a diagnosis, causing further delays in accessing appropriate medical care. 

These cultural and religious factors, combined with inadequate health infrastructure, make it difficult to implement widespread TB screening programs, particularly in remote or underserved regions of the DRC.

Other Co-morbidities

Mpox
An outbreak of Mpox was declared in the DRC in December 2022. More recently, an outbreak with a new variant has occurred in the mining regions of South Kivu and North Kivu province with evidence of human-human transmission [15]. Currently there is evidence of transmission due to sexual contact, non-sexual contact, as well as household and healthcare facility contacts. There is an estimated fatality rate of around 5% in 2024 [15]. There is currently no data on the rate of co-infection with TB.

Malaria
The DRC is the second most malaria-affected country in the world, and accounts for 12.3% of global malaria deaths [16] (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria). However, it is difficult to ascertain the prevalence of co-infections due to the lack of available diagnostic tests.


Experience with TB and barriers to care in the United States


Healthcare access for asylum seekers 

In 2019, there were 61,000 Congolese nationals residing in the U.S. [17] (https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2019 ). A total of 11,400 refugees were resettled in the United States in fiscal year (FY) 2021, 43 percent of whom were from the DRC—the largest single country of origin for all refugee settlement that year [17] (https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2019). Noncitizen immigrants and asylum seekers are significantly more likely to be uninsured compared to U.S. citizens. Many Congolese asylum seekers have more limited access to private coverage, and they face eligibility restrictions for federally funded coverage. Those who are eligible for coverage also face a range of enrollment barriers including language and literacy challenges as well as complex eligibility rules. Therefore, even when LTBI screening is conducted by public health campaigns, many individuals have limited options for treatment of LTBI. 

Before and upon arrival to the U.S., refugees are screened for TB. Screening with chest x-ray alone occurs for refugees abroad, prior to entering the U.S. LTBI screening consists of skin testing (such as TST or Mantoux) or IGRA (such as Quantiferon) as part of the domestic refugee screening. Repetition of testing, particularly with different modalities, can act as a source of confusion (e.g. a negative test result in their home country or refugee camp, and a positive test in the US). Consequently, when individuals are diagnosed with LTBI after they were previously told they were negative for TB (such as with a chest x-ray), this can decrease confidence in their diagnosis and the medical system. 


Relevant historical factors: Colonial legacy

The DRC had been colonized in two phases: by King Leopold II of Belgium from 1885 to 1908 and by the Belgium state from 1908 to 1960. These reigns were characterized by the exploitation of precious natural resources as well as widespread human rights abuses, with longstanding effects on the country and its people. 

Between the 1920s and 1950s, Western colonial governments implemented extensive medical campaigns in sub-saharan Africa, including present day DRC, aimed at managing tropical diseases such as sleeping sickness, syphilis, leprosy, yaws, and malaria [18] (Lowes and Montero 2021). During this period, millions of people were subjected to medical examinations and forced to receive injections or medications with unreliable efficacy and serious side effects.

The legacy of these campaigns can be seen in present day distrust in Western medicine, which can lead to a lower utilization of healthcare and avoidance of preventative or screening measures. 

Resource Extraction

The DRC has the world’s largest cobalt reserves and the seventh-largest copper reserve. Today, cobalt is used in the manufacture of nearly all lithium-ion batteries. By 2025, demand for cobalt is expected to reach 222,000 tons, triple that of 2010. The expansion of industrial-scale cobalt and copper mines has led to the forced evictions of entire communities without just compensation or sufficient resettlement, as well as serious labor and human rights abuses. 

In the DRC, cobalt is being extracted by “artisanal” miners—freelance workers who do dangerous labor for the equivalent of a few dollars a day. Miners work in grueling conditions, with many women and children digging for cobalt with their bare hands or rudimentary tools. Few safety precautions are available, few have access to masks to prevent breathing in toxic dust from cobalt [19]. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AFR6231832016ENGLISH.pdf 


History of conflict and migration history 

Political conflict has been a frequent occurrence since the country’s independence from Belgium in 1960. Since the 1990s, there has been increased civil tension and conflict brought on by attempts to overthrow the autocratic military regime that had reigned for several decades. The Rwandan genocide in 1994 also led to an influx of around 1 million refugees to the DRC [20]. (https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/violence-democratic-republic-congo)  

The First Congo War occurred in 1996-1997 with major spillovers into Sudan and Uganda which ended the autocratic regime of Mobutu Sese Seko. The Second Congo War extended from 1998 to 2003, though intermittent conflicts continue.

Since January 2013, UNHCR reports that more than 400,000 Congolese nationals have sought refuge outside DRC. Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Burundi, and Angola are the primary host countries providing asylum to Congolese refugees. Most Congolese refugees have resided in refugee camps and urban centers where basic services are limited or unavailable. 

Co-morbidities / Other health concerns in the community

Several respondents mentioned nutrition as a prominent concern in the Congolese community, particularly among those who recently arrived in the U.S.

The traditional Congolese diet consists of freshly grown, unprocessed foods. In the U.S., access to local, traditional ingredients is limited. Fast food or processed foods are cheaper and more readily available. The effects of these processed foods are seen in the rise in non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and heart disease in the population. 


Recommended books for further reading on the history of the DRC:

Conan Doyle, A. 2023. The Crime of the Congo

Hochschild, A. 1998. King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa.

Kara, S. 2023. Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives.

Predergast, J., et al.2018. Congo Stories: Battling Five Centuries of Exploitation and Greed

Reid, S. 2023. The Lumumba Plot: The Inside Story of a CIA Assassination

Reybrouck, D. 2015. Confo: The Epic History of a People

Stearns, J. 2012. Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa

Acknowledgments:

This project has been generously supported by the following funders:
TB Elimination Alliance (2023-2024 Mini-Grant Program)
Firland Foundation (2024-2025 Community Grant)

References

1. https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/tb_profiles/?_inputs_&lan=%22EN%22 Accessed 22 August 2024.

2. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2023&locations=CD&start=1960&view=chart Accessed 9th September 2024. 

3.  www.bcgatlas.org Accessed 22 August 2024

4. Daftary A. 2012. HIV and tuberculosis: the construction and management of double stigma. Social science & medicine, 74(10), 1512-1519.

5. World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2023 https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2023

6. World Health Organization. Democratic Republic of the Congo, HIV Country Profile 2023.  https://cfs.hivci.org/index.html

7. Schutz C, Meintjes G, Almajid F, Wilkinson RJ, Pozniak A. 2010. Clinical management of tuberculosis and HIV-1 co-infection.

European Respiratory Journal, 36 (6) 1460-1481.  https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00110210  

8. Sultana ZZ, Hoque FU, Beyene J, Akhlak-Ul-Islam M, Khan MHR, Ahmed S, Hawlader DH, Hossain A. HIV infection and multidrug resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 11;21(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05749-2. Erratum in: BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 20;21(1):86. PMID: 33430786; PMCID: PMC7802168.  

9.https://www.afro.who.int/fr/countries/democratic-republic-of-congo/news/la-rdc-mise-sur-les-campagnes-de-depistage-actif-gratuit-des-cas-au-sein-de-la-population-pour Accessed September 9th 2024. 

10. Mutombo CS, Bakari SA, Ntabaza VN, Nachtergael A, Lumbu JBS, et al. 2022. Perceptions and use of traditional African medicine in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province (DR Congo): A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE 17(10): e0276325. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276325 

11. Kaswa M, Minga G, Nkiere N, Mingiedi B, Eloko G, Nguhiu P, Garcia Baena I. 2021. The economic burden of TB-affected households in DR Congo. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 25, no. 11: 923-932. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0182. PMID: 34686235; PMCID: PMC8544924.

12. The National Health Workforce Accounts database, World Health Organization, Geneva https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/health-workforce). 

13. Nyakasane R, Karume G, McCann K, Shepard DS, Agarwal Harding PS, Roberts LA. 2022. World Bank Consortium: The Big Questions in Forced Displacement and Health. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099001106212246276/P1669090e0c4010b0adfa050973837275a

14.United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Annual Report. 2020.  

15. World Health Organization. Disease Outbreak News. Mpox: Democratic Republic of the Congo. 15 June 2024. www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON522

16. World Health Organization. Malaria Fact Sheet. WHO, 2023 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria

17. Lorenzi J and Batalova J. 2022. Sub-Saharan African Immigrants in the United States. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/sub-saharan-african-immigrants-united-states-2019 Accessed 22 August 2024.

18. Lowes S, and Montero E. 2021. The legacy of colonial medicine in Central Africa. American Economic Review 111, no. 4: 1284-1314.

19. Amnesty International. (2016). THIS IS WHAT WE DIE FOR. In HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO POWER THE GLOBAL TRADE IN COBALT (Report INDEX: AFR 62/3183/2016). Amnesty International Ltd. https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/AFR6231832016ENGLISH.pdf

20. Center for Preventive Action. 2024. Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo | Global Conflict Tracker (cfr.org) Accessed 22 August 2024.

Q&A RSV, flu and COVID in King County: What should I know?

In the Fall and Winter months there is often a rise in respiratory viruses. This Fall (2022) there have been many RSV and flu cases requiring emergency room visits – especially for young children. Health clinics might also see more COVID cases and hospitalizations in the winter as people gather indoors and new COVID variants spread. These diseases can make young children, older adults, and other vulnerable people very sick, and overload hospitals and clinics.

RSV is a common respiratory virus that spreads every winter. Anyone can get RSV, but in 2022 we’re seeing a lot of cases in young children. For healthy adults and older children RSV can feel like a cold, with symptoms like runny nose, less appetite, coughing, and fever. But it can be a very serious illness for babies, older adults, and others.

The Seattle and King County Department of Public Health has put together an informative slide deck in eighteen languages. The deck Includes information about RSV, flu and COVID in King County, what to look for and how to prevent illness.

These slides can be shared in waiting rooms, at community centers, and in other places where people gather. Slides are available in the following languages:
• አማርኛ (Amharic)
• العربية (Arabic)
• 简体字 (Chinese – Simplified)
繁體字 (Chinese – Traditional)
• دری (Dari)
• English
• Français (French)
• 日本語 (Japanese)
• ភាសាខ្មែរ (Khmer)
• 한국어 (Korean)
• KajinM̧ajeļ (Marshallese)
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)
• Русский (Russian)
• Af Soomaali (Somali)
• Español (Spanish)
• Wikang Tagalog/Filipino (Tagalog/Filipino)
• ትግርኛ (Tigrinya)
• Українська (Ukrainian)
• Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)

Coronavirus image

COVID-19 Information

A collection of local and national online information resources regarding COVID-19, including links to translated materials.

General COVID-19 Information

Public Health — Seattle & King County (PHSKC) Covid-19 Information & Resources

• King County vaccination pop-up schedule April – May 2023

Washington State Department of Health (DOH), Co-existing with Covid-19 (translated in 35 languages)

WA DOH Resources and Recommendations; Multilingual ( scroll to bottom tabs )

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) About Covid-19

U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Multilingual COVID-19 Resources

Johns Hopkins University & Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Covid-19 Projections

UW Medicine The Huddle Covid-19 Updates

Harvard Health Medicine Covid-19 Fact Sheets (translated in 35 languages)

National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants (NRC-RIM) Covid-19 and Vaccine Fact Sheets (translated in multiple languages) and Covid Guide for Newcomers (translated in multiple languages)

Information is constantly evolving. Some information below may change over time. General note about translations: when updates are made to an information resource in English, there can sometimes be a lag in updating another language version of that document or messaging. It may be helpful to compare and consider the dates on each, especially if/when you choose to print information, and check back for updated versions.

Booster Information and Resources

King County Public Health

Local Resources

City of Seattle

COVID-19: Resources for Community
The City of Seattle’s Office of the Mayor provides COVID-19 information and resources and features the latest programs to help those impacted by the pandemic.

Public Health Seattle & King County

Boosters & Testing (32 languages)
How to Care for Yourself and Others (32 languages)

Washington State

Washington State Department of Health (DOH) has provided information about vaccine booster doses, translated into 40 languages.
Say Yes! Covid Test– Free Covid-19 testing kits (can be translated into over 35 languages)

Washington State Novel Coronavirus Call Center Helpline, 6 am – 10 pm Monday, 6 am-6 pm Tuesday-Sunday, and state observed holidays 1-800-525-0127 and press #. Call for information about Covid-19 (not a line to call for testing access or results).

Washington State’s official Covid-19 website. Includes multilingual resources in 30+ languages.

The Discussion Guide for Building Confidence in COVID-19 Vaccines for Immigrants and Refugees (PDF), created by Washington State Department of Health, is a resource for partners serving immigrant/refugee communities to help build COVID-19 vaccine confidence with community members. The resource is an easy to follow discussion guide followed by common concerns, frequently asked questions and example responses. They hope the proposed talking points will help support vaccine conversations and build confidence within communities and/or clients providers may serve.

Fostering COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence in Russian- and Ukrainian-Speaking Communities: A Training for Providers  A free e-course will give healthcare providers the tools to better understand vaccine hesitancy within the Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking population, in addition to fostering vaccine confidence, identifying language and cultural barriers that may impede vaccine hesitancy, and adopting strategies to initiate conversations about the COVID-19 vaccine with Russian- and Ukrainian-speaking patients.  Click here to view a flyer for the course.

Seattle Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs

COVID-19: Stay Informed! web page (15 languages) Guidance for people at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness; Guidance for Everyone; If you have symptoms of COVID-19 or questions, who you can call in King County. In-language webinars (8 languages).

COVID-19 Assistance and Public Charge FAQ for Immigrants – City of Seattle (7 languages) This is a Frequently Asked Question (FAQ) information guide for immigrants who want to know more about how the issue of public charge might affect their ability to access healthcare and other services during this COVID-19 outbreak. The Office of Immigrant and Refugee Affairs will continue updating this site as developments occur.

Food Access

Covid-19 Seattle & King County Emergency Food Resources page on EthnoMed for information about King County Emergency Food Access, SPS Student Meals Pick Up (Translated School Site Information), Food Maps and Food Banks

See also: King County Office of Equity and Social Justice Covid-19 Resource Guide for information about services and programs for:

  • Unemployement, housing, utilities
  • Cash assistance
  • Food assistance
  • Resources for undocumented immigrants
  • Small business loans & disaster assistance
  • King County in-language resources

Community Health Boards

Iraqi/Arab Health Board Facebook videos in Arabic

Somali Health Board Facebook videos and community conversations in Somali

Vietnamese Health Board – Ban Y Tế Cộng Đồng Facebook – videos and information in Vietnamese

Directories of Resources in Multiple Languages

The National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants and Migrants (NRC-RIM) has a Get the Facts Campaign offering COVID-19 fact sheets, posters, videos, audio recordings and other resources in English and more than 100 languages free of charge. These materials come from organizations across the country working to communicate effectively with refugee, immigrant and migrant communities.

Covid Information in Indigenous, Endangered, and Under-Resourced Languages from governments, NGOs, and public health organizations. Compiled by Endangered Languages Project. Search by language name or country.

COVID-19 Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Language Resources This community library is a collection of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AA and NHPI) in-language resources on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The resource links have been submitted by community members, leaders and national and community-based organizations and provided by The Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum (APIAHF).

From States, Universities & Medical Centers

Materials and Resources for COVID-19 Response
Video PSAs, print materials, and translated documents about vaccines, boosters, testing, masks, and more from Minnesota Department of Health.

COVID-19 Printables From Ontario College of Art and Design University, The COVID-19 Printables are a collection of downloadable, multilingual, adaptable 1-page infographics collaboratively developed with medical professionals to improve access and understanding of COVID-19 information.

Learn More About Coronavirus (13 languages) Series of PDFs from LA County Department of Public Health. Information about Physical Distancing, Hand washing, Cloth Face Coverings, Cleaning in the home and group settings, risk reduction outside the home.

Covid-19 Community Resources (11+ languages) Health information resources from the Oregon Health Authority and other state agencies and partners. OHA provides materials in multiple languages as a part of an equity-centered response to COVID-19.

Trusted Messengers A diverse ensemble of health care professionals works to overcome COVID-vaccine hesitancy in at-risk communities across Minnesota. A Twin Cities PBS video.

Handwashing Poster & Videos

Minnesota Department of Health Wash Your Hands poster in 24 languages:

Minnesota Department of Health videos: How to Wash Your Hands (10 languages) approx. 1 minute and Cleaning Hands with Hand Sanitizer (9 languages) 1 minute

San Francisco Department of Public Health Wash Hands (8 languages ) 2-3 minutes.

CDC YouTube Live Handwashing Presentation (English) 9 minutes (handwashing demo at 2 min 21 sec). Created to provide hygiene education for children in schools for Global Handwashing Day 2016.

Mayo Clinic Are you washing your hands long enough to kill germs? (English) 2 minute 39 seconds. Video made in 2013, demonstrates proper hand hygiene (references flu and other illnesses, not coronavirus specifically).

Ghen Cô Vy| NIOEH x KHẮC HƯNG x MIN x ERIK | WASHING HAND SONG (Vietnamese) 3 minute 5 seconds. Fun pop song video animation from Vietnam demonstrating hand hygiene.

Mask & Vaccine Videos

COVID-19 PSA Video – Vietnamese Health Board
Public service announcement in Vietnamese (with English subtitles) that includes basic tips for helping slow the spread of COVID-19.

Covid-19 Mask Do’s and Don’ts – Minnesota Department of Health Instructions on what to do when buying, wearing, removing and reusing masks. Videos and transcripts in 14 languages.

Stigma & Bias

The Asian Pacific Islander Coalition of Washington STATEMENT ON SURGE OF ANTI-ASIAN RACISM DURING COVID-19

Polio vaccine packaging line

Polio Vaccine Information Statements

The Immunization Action Coalition (IAC) has Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) in many languages. Please visit the IAC website to see all the VISs and languages available.

EthnoMed is featuring the following Polio VISs in languages that have an audio component produced by the 24 Languages Project.

Please see PDFs and Audio files in resource sidebar.

Polio vaccine packaging line
Packaging line for bivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV). Val de Reuil, France – May 20, 2011. Copyright Sanofi Pasteur / Patrick Boulen. File: DSC_2841

Brainman Pain Management Resources

In 2011, Hunter Integrated Pain Service at John Hunter Hospital and Hunter Medicare Local in Australia developed Brainman’s first film “Understanding pain and what to do about it in less than five minutes”. The video gives people who experience chronic pain access to a self-management tool that will help them manage the impacts of chronic pain on their functioning, emotions and interpersonal relationships and will help in the adherence to pain management plans.  

Visit the Brainman Pain Management Resources, to access this video:

  • Available with and without English subtitles
  • Translated or subtitled in 9 additional languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish). 
  • Transcript (English) available for download

The University of Washington and The University of South Australia joined the team to collaborate in producing two additional and updated Brainman videos:  

Vaccination campain against meningitis in El Daein

HIB Vaccine Information Statements

The Immunization Action Coalition (IAC) has Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) in many languages. Please visit the IAC website to see all the VISs and languages available.

EthnoMed is featuring the following HIB VISs in languages that have an audio component produced by the 24 Languages Project.

Please see PDFs and Audio files in resource sidebar.

Vaccination campain against meningitis in El Daein
Vaccination campain against meningitis in El Daein. Photo by Albert González Farran – UNAMID